Noye's eye speculum, for retracting the eyelids, late 19th century or early 20th century, probably English

Noye’s eye speculum retracted the eyelids ‘to the greatest degree without causing injurious pressure’ during ophthalmic surgery. It was invented by Dr Henry D. Noyes of New York. The operator depressed the handles. This caused a ‘Y’-shaped ratchet system to force the speculum arms (and therefore the eyelid) open. The ratchet system was then held by adjusting a screw. This stopped the blades expanding or retracting further. It let the ophthalmologist operate on the patient with both hands free.