Model of Leonardo da Vinci Ornithopter wing

Model of Leonardo da Vinci Ornithopter wing based on boat-shaped ornithopter scheme c. 1487 (Codize Atlantico folio 313, recto-a)

Leonardo designed several ornithopters (flapping wing machines) and, later, a more promising ornithopter-glider with the inner section of the wing fixed and a prophetic 'hang-glider' piloting position, but, it went no further. From a structural point of view he could certainly have built a fixed-wing glider. His fascinating schemes for helicopters, parachutes and flying machines could have been profoundly influential. However, on his death his manuscripts were left to his friend Francesco da Melzi who hoarded them for fifty years until they were dispersed haphazardly by his son. The full extent of his work did not become known until about 1880, when aeronautical science had independently become established.