Model of Russian plough. This type of plough was made at Odessa and used in central and Southern Russia until the early part of the 20th century.

The late 18th century and early 19th century was a period of rapid development in many countries during which, the complete iron plough began to replace wooden type. Ploughs are basically two types; those either with or without land wheels, and called respectively wheel ploughs or swing ploughs. The latter are lighter in draught but require an experienced ploughman to work them; less skill is needed for wheel plough operation.

Common features of plough design such as tapering share which offers least resistance when passing through the soil, the hollowed-out and twisted mouldboard which turns the furrow slice, and the beam design which enables the most efficient transmission of power, are all evident in the models from those period.