Filipowski's calculating rods (56), in mahogany case 5" x 5" x 3" made by Herschell Filipowski, London

Filipowski was a Russian Jew who emigrated to Britain in 1839. He became an actuary and Hebraist at Edinburgh, publishing a table of antilogarithms and translating Napier’s Canon of Logarithms. He devised this calculating tool to avoid multiplication and division. The operation is quite complex and unlike the slide rule above these ‘machines’ are now very rare.