Franklin's electrostatic machine

Large cylinder frictional electrical machine, said to have belonged to Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790). Horizontal cylinder turned directly by a simple crank handle. Cushion and prime conductor each originally supported on insulating stands on opposite sides of cylinder, but stand for the cushion is missing. Simple construction, no maker marked, 1760-1790. See part records.

Details

Category:
Electricity and Magnetism
Object Number:
1876-39
Measurements:
overall: 1200 mm x 730 mm x 1000 mm, 15 kg
type:
electrostatic machine
credit:
Dr. Richardson

Parts

Base from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Base from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Base from Franklin's electrostatic machine, on four small casters probably added later. Diamond-shaped base of dark-stained wood with four pillars to support glass cylinder and slot for inserting the bases of the two insulating stands. Pillars are capped by two wooden pieces, one fixed and one removable.

Materials:
wood (unidentified)
Object Number:
1876-39 Pt1
type:
electrostatic machine component
Crank handle from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Crank handle from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Crank handle from Franklin's electrostatic machine. Simple wooden construction with a freely-rotating handle stained a slightly darker brown than the rest of the crank. Rectangular hole fits onto axle of glass cylinder.

Materials:
wood (unidentified)
Object Number:
1876-39 Pt2
type:
electrostatic machine
Cylinder from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Cylinder from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Glass cylinder from Franklin's electrostatic machine (slightly damaged), sealed with red wax to protect against condensation, mounted on sturdy axle.

Materials:
glass and wax
Object Number:
1876-39 Pt3
type:
electrostatic machine component
Insulating stand from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Insulating stand from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Insulating glass stand from Franklin's electrostatic machine, supported the prime conductor. Gently tapering thick glass rod mounted on asymmetric wood base which was slotted to fit into base of machine.

Materials:
glass and wood (unidentified)
Object Number:
1876-39 Pt4
type:
electrostatic machine component
Prime conductor from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Prime conductor from Franklin's electrostatic machine

T-shaped prime conductor from Franklin's electrostatic machine, apparently made of a wooden core coated with some kind of metallic (tin or lead?) paint (unusual, as prime conductors were usually hollow). Rests on top of insulating stand. Crudely constructed metal comb with about 15 wire prongs extends from side of conductor to accumulate charge from cylinder.

Cushion from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Cushion from Franklin's electrostatic machine

Cushion from Franklin's electrostatic machine. Probably leather. Attached by two metal straps to simple wooden mount intended to rest on top of a tall insulating glass stand similar to 1876-39 Pt4, now missing. Silk flap, once attached to cushion and meant to rest on top of the cylinder to keep charge from 'escaping' as the machine turned, is also missing.

Spurious crank handle found with Franklin's electrostatic machine. Machined from brass

Spurious crank handle found with Franklin's electrostatic machine. Machined from brass

Spurious crank handle found with Franklin's electrostatic machine. Machined from brass, and of a much later vintage than the rest of the machine, but stored with the rest and number-painted with the same inventory number.

Materials:
brass (copper, zinc alloy)
Object Number:
1876-39 Pt7
type:
unknown machine component