Model of Betula (Birch) showing the seeds and flowers,. made by Robert and Reinhold Brendel, Berlin, 1875-1900.

Robert Brendel (c. 1821–1898) and his son, Reinhold (c. 1861–1927) were didactic model makers based in Berlin at the end of the nineteenth century. They supplied papier-mâché models to universities, colleges and schools for teaching throughout Europe and the wider world. This particular example shows the seeds and flower of the birch, enabling students to learn how the tree reproduces.