Fantascope disc by Ackermann & Co: Spiral of coloured spots, c. 1833.

The phenakisticope was invented almost simultaneously by the Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau and the Austrian professor of practical geometry Simon Stampfer. It is held with the printed side of the disc facing a mirror. When the disc is spun the viewer looks at its reflection through the apertures on the disc's circumference and the drawings appear to move.