Yellow tin with red cross emblem containing sanitary health sponge

Yellow tin with red cross emblem containing sanitary health sponge in pink net, 1910-1930

Sponges were widely used as contraceptives in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Before use, they were soaked in liquids thought to have spermicidal properties, such as quinine and olive oil. Few were effective at killing sperm. Some even doubled as household cleaners. One was advertised as a dual treatment for ‘successful womanhood’ (contraception) and athlete’s foot. The cotton netting enclosing this sponge made it easier to remove.

In the early twentieth century, sponges were often marketed as ‘feminine hygiene’ or ‘sanitary health’ products rather than contraception. They were one of a range of contraceptives promoted by the Society for Constructive Birth Control, the organisation founded by Dr Marie Stopes (1880-1958).