Forceps, obstetrical, axis traction, Cullingworth, steel and wood, by Gardner of Edinburgh, circa 1870

Steel obstetrical forceps grip and rotate a baby’s head during difficult childbirths. The curved blades fit the baby’s head and the curve of the mother’s pelvis. Gynaecologist and obstetrician Charles Cullingworth (1841-1908) modified existing designs. He strengthened the materials using only metal as well as strengthening the screws used. These obstetrical forceps were one of many designs at that time.