The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) was a public authority in the UK, formed in 1970 by the Radiological Protection Act. It's functions were to conduct research on radiological protection and provide advice and information to government departments. It dealt with both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

The Board consisted of a chairman and a maxmimum of nine other members, later increased to twelve.

It was headquartered in Chilton, near Oxford, and at laboratories in Leeds and Glasgow.

The Health Protection Agency 2004 repealed the Radiological Protection Act. The NRPB became the Radiation Protection Division of the Health Protection Agency (HPA).