Joined 'Illustrated London News' in 1843; studied at Hunterian School of Medicine and Charring Cross Hospital in 1845; qualified as opthalmic surgeon in 1850, pioneer of opthalmascope; surgeon at Royal Westminster Opthalmic Hospital for many years; noted microspotist, publishing 'The Microscope; It's History, Construction and Application' in 1854; pioneer of photography; published 'Practical Handbook of Photography' in 1845; although an experienced photographer only known to have exhibited once, Royal Infirmary Fund, Dundee, 1854;