Alfred Harris Vaux served as a Resident Engineer on the East Indian Railway. In 1861 he was based in Monghyr (now Munger) in modern-day Bihar, India. In around 1856-1857 he made at least two finely-executed drawings of architecture in Rajmahal, Jharkhand, India. These were collected by the railway's chief engineer George Turnbull and are now in the National Railway Museum Collection.

In 1867 Vaux was married at Christ Church, Croydon, to Caroline the daughter of George Holbrook Hollins of Birmingham.