London & North Eastern Railway steam locomotive 'Mallard'
- Made:
- 1938 in Doncaster Railway Works
- designer:
- Nigel Gresley
- railway company:
- London & North Eastern Railway
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Steam locomotive and tender, No 4468 ‘Mallard’, Class A4 Pacific, 4-6-2, designed by Nigel Gresley for LNER, built at Doncaster in 1938.
Built in Doncaster in 1938, Mallard was one of thirty-five A4 Pacific class locomotives designed by Sir Nigel Gresley for London and North Eastern Railway (LNER).
The A4 class were introduced in 1935. The first batch consisted of four locomotives which were painted silver-grey, the first of which was "Silver Link". By 1938 the standard colour for streamlined LNER locomotives was garter blue, with locomotives being repainted as they came through workshops for maintenance.
On 3 July 1938, during a series of brake tests, Mallard achieved a record breaking speed of 126 mph at Stoke Bank, between Grantham and Peterborough. The speed was recorded by the LNER's dynamometer car, a travelling laboratory that recorded the train's speed on paper rolls. The LNER initiially claimed a speed record for a steam locomotive of 125mph but later re-appraisal of the original recordings showed the locomotive had briefly achieved 126mph. This beat the record of 124.5mph previously held by German locomotive 05 002. However, the speed record only applies to steam locomotives. The overall speed record for a railway vehicle was held by a German experimental electric railcar which had achieved 130mph in 1903.
Driver Joe Duddington, who drove Mallard locomotive on its record run believed it was capable of reaching 130 mph. It is believed that Gresley planned to make another run in September 1939 in order to reach 130 mph, but the Second World War prevented this attempt.
Mallard retired from service in 1963 and was subsequently preserved in 1964 by the British Transport Commission. Mallard entered the National Railway Museum’s collection in 1975. It was restored to working order at York, between 1982 and 1988 and completed a limited number of runs until 1989.
Mallard is now one of only six remaining A4 Pacifics. In 2013, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of Mallard’s speed record, all six locomotives were reunited at the National Railway Museum. Today Mallard is one of the highlights of the museum.
