Collection of models of hygienic sanitary appliances

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this label that is associated with one of the many models that are contained inside. The cabinet was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this label is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this box. The cabinet was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this lid was part of, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this box base. The cabinet was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this base was part of, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this object and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this object is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this object and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this object is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this object and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this item is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this item and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this object is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the contents of this cabinet. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either this cabinet, or one that was very similar, which holds three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which this tray is part of. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this tray is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which this tray is part of. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this tray is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.

Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, designed and arranged the cabinet which contained this model and many others. It was used for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but in the 1890s who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute, London, and other public health associations.

Women gained the sanitary officer’s certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale, influential author, civil servant and prominent campaigner for the improvement of working conditions, attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute. On passing the examination, she went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. She later worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925.

It’s possible Hilda Martindale was taught using either the cabinet this model is kept in, or one that was very similar, which has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health.

Similar exhibits were held by the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. It too aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.