J.Weir's chain stitch sewing machine, model no. 55S of 1872. The machine was called the '55S' because on its introduction it was sold for 55 shillings. This small, inexpensive chain-stitch sewing machine was manufactured in London by James Galloway Weir (b 1839) from 1872, the date of his patent for certain improvements to its design. Weir's improved machine featured a redesigned thread tension device, needle bar, and new spiral gears. The looper used to form the stitch was, however, patented by Frederick W Parker of Sheffield in 1859.