Two-stroke double-acting single cylinder gas engine, patented by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir, France, 1860, and made by Reading Iron Works Limited, Reading, Berkshire, England, 1865. Lenoir's gas engine, 1860 Heat Engines (non steam) 1865
Original pilot Bessemer converter from which the first cast of steel was poured at the works of the Barrow Haematite Steel Company Ltd., Barrow-in-Furness, in May 1865 Original pilot Bessemer converter, 1865. Metallurgy 1865
Copy of clay liver used for divination, original from Babylon, 2050-1750 BCE Classical & Medieval Medicine 2050-1750 BCE
Two-stroke double-acting single cylinder gas engine, patented by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir, France, 1860, and made by Reading Iron Works Limited, Reading, Berkshire, England, 1865. The first internal-combustion engine to be offered for sale, in 1860, Lenoir's engine was an ancestor of the engines in all road vehicles. The engine worked very like a simple double-acting steam-engine. At each stroke gas and air were drawn into the cylinder and fired by an electric spark; on the return stroke the burnt gases were flushed out. Several hundred of these engines were sold, and this one is a very rare survivor. It had been used to drive machinery in the workshop of the Patent Museum for about three years. Lenoir's gas engine, 1860 Heat Engines (non steam) 1865
Stone slab with seven holes for cosmetic ointments, Egypt, 1991-1786 BCE Classical & Medieval Medicine 1991-1786 BCE
Patent model of improved orrery by John G. Moore of Philadelphia, US Patent 51072 dated 21st November 1865, with original tag. Patent model of orrery planetary mechanism, 1865 Astronomy 1865
Steam locomotive, ‘Pet’, 0-4-0ST, 18" gauge works locomotive, London & North Western Railway, built at Crewe Railway Works in 1865, withdrawn in 1929. London & North Western Railway steam locomotive 'Pet' 0-4-0ST Locomotives and Rolling Stock 1865
Copy of model of a sheep's liver. Original Babylonian, c. 2050-1750 BC. Classical & Medieval Medicine 2050-1750 BCE
Patent model in brass of a pantoscope, invented by Charles Emmanuel of Paris, patented in America [Patent No. 45,954 January 17, 1865] and made by T. Auvray, Paris. Patent model in brass of a pantoscope Astronomy 1865
Cylindrical stick of explosive substitute in cream paper wrapper with black printing over cardboard tube Mining & Ore Dressing 1877-192
Original Morse tapes received by SS 'Great Eastern' while laying the 1865 transatlantic cable, unknown maker, British, 1865 Morse tapes sent to the 'Great Eastern', 1865. Telecommunications 1865
Square pavement brick from Babylonia (Southern Iraq), 2nd millennium BC. Building Construction 2000-1001 BCE
Calcined tap cinder sample, called "bull dog" when used for the bottom of a puddling furnace Metallurgy 1865
Sansom's modification of Snow's chloroform inhaler for nasal administration during dentistry Anaesthesiology 1865
Shell cameo brooch with wet collodian photograph of man on reverse, c.1865 (size 2"x2 1/2" ) Shell cameo brooch with wet collodian photograph of man on reverse Photographs c. 1865
