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Ebony octant on pillar stand with artificial horizon.

Ebony octant on pillar stand with artificial horizon.

1750-1760
Artificial glass horizon

Artificial glass horizon

1875-1885
Artificial glass horizon

Artificial glass horizon

1805-1815
Artificial black glass horizon (lacking case and level)

Artificial black glass horizon (lacking case and level)

1815-1825
Artificial black glass horizon.

Artificial black glass horizon.

1865-1871
Artificial glass horizon (lacking level) in fitted fishskin case lined with purple velvet by an unknown English maker

Artificial glass horizon (lacking level) in fitted fishskin case lined with purple velvet by an unknown English maker

1815-1825
Artificial glass horizon.

Artificial glass horizon.

1805-1815
Artificial glass horizon in fitted rectangular mahogany case, made by Elliott Brothers, 30 Strand, City of Westminster, London, England, 1885-1895. Consisting of a circular brass base with three levelling feet, covered by a black glass mirror and two spirit levels.

Artificial black glass horizon.

1885-1895
Artificial glass horizon, made by Thomas Jones, 62 Charing Cross, City of Westminster, London, around 1910. Consists of rectangular brass anodized base holding a blackened glass mirror plate with three levelling feet (lacking spirit level). Used by the British Hydrographic Office, marked with ownership number, F84 (adopted in February 1828).

Artificial black glass horizon.

1850-1861
Artificial glass horizon in circular fitted wooden case with lid, made by unknown German maker (possibly G.F. Brander, Augsburg?), 1785-1795. Consisting of a circular lacquered brass container with three levelling feet, which holds spirit, covered by a transparent glass plate. When in use, the vessel is filled with spirit leaving an air-gap under the glass to act as a bubble level, which is centred with levelling screws.

Artificial glass horizon.

1785-1795
Artificial glass horizon with funnel in fitted square mahogany case (printed instructions inside lid) made by an unknown English maker, 1805-1815. Consisting of a circular polished brass container with three levelling feet, which holds spirit, covered by a transparent glass plate. When in use, the vessel is filled with spirit using a detachable funnel, leaving an air-gap under the glass to act as a bubble level, which is centred with levelling screws. The funnel is also used to replacing the spirit and for release of pressure when the liquid expands due to heat.

Artificial glass horizon.

1805-1815