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Sample of ‘volcanic mud’ containing sponge spicules collected by HMS Challenger from the southern Indian Ocean near the Kerguelen Islands at a depth of 20-120 fathoms, 1872-1876. Collection site was station 149.

Sample of ‘volcanic mud’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘red clay’ collected by HMS Challenger from the Pacific Ocean, north of Tahiti, at a depth of 2350 fathoms, 1872-1876.

Sample of ‘red clay’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘Nullipore sand’, collected by HMS Challenger from Long Beach, Ascension Island, 1872-1876.

Sample of ‘Nullipore sand’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘radiolarian ooze’ collected by HMS Challenger from the Pacific Ocean, between Hawaii and Tahiti, at a depth of 2350 fathoms, 1872-1876.

Sample of ‘radiolarian ooze’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘diatomaceous ooze’, collected by HMS Challenger from the ocean between the Kerguelen Islands and Tasmania, at a depth of 1950 fathoms, 1872-1876. Collection site was station 157.

Sample of ‘diatomaceous ooze’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘globigerina ooze’ with clay collected by HMS Challenger from the South Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile, south west of the Juan Fernandez Islands, at a depth of 1825 fathoms, 1872-1876. Collection site was 296. Globigerina is a genus of planktonic Foraminifera; shells of these tiny animals dominate vast areas of the deep sea floor.

Sample of ‘globigerina ooze’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘red clay’ collected by HMS Challenger from the Pacific Ocean, east of Japan, at a depth of 2300 fathoms, 1872-1876. Collection site was station 241.

Sample of ‘red clay’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘Globigerina ooze’ collected by HMS Challenger from the Pacific Ocean, Western Caroline Island, at a depth of 1850 fathoms, 1872-1876. Collection site was station 224. Globigerina is a genus of planktonic Foraminifera; shells of these tiny animals dominate vast areas of the deep sea floor.

Sample of 'Globigerina ooze' collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘volcanic sand’, collected by HMS Challenger from the Atlantic Ocean near Tenerife, at a depth of 78 fathoms, 1872-1876.

Sample of ‘volcanic sand' collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of 'red clay' collected by HMS Challenger from the Atlantic Ocean, between the Canary Islands and West Indies, at a depth of 3150 fathoms, 1872-1876.

Sample of 'red clay' collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘coral sand’ collected by HMS Challenger from the South Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Tongatapu, Tonga (described in accompanying labels as Tongatabou, Friendly Islands), at a depth of 18 fathoms, 1872-1876. Collection site was station 172.

Sample of ‘coral sand’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘Agulhas shoal’, collected by HMS Challenger from the ocean off the coast of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, at a depth of 200 fathoms, 1872-1876.

Sample of ‘Agulhas shoal' collected by HMS Challenger, 1872-1876

1872-1876

Sample of ‘coarse shelly bottom’ collected by HMS Challenger from the South Atlantic Ocean, near Nightingale Island, part of Tristan da Cunha, at a depth of 100-150 fathoms, 17 October 1873. Collection site was station 135.

Sample of ‘coarse shelly bottom’ collected by HMS Challenger, 1873

1873-10-17