Apparatus Used to Discover Polyethylene, 1933.

Apparatus Used to Discover Polyethylene, 1933. Apparatus Used to Discover Polyethylene, 1933.

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Creative Commons LicenseThis image is released under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Licence

License this image for commercial use at Science and Society Picture Library

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Science Museum Group Collection
© The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum

Science Museum Group Collection
© The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum

Assembly of equipment, partly original, representing laboratory set-up with which polyethylene (polythene) was discovered. Comprising one original pressure balance hand pump pressure vessel ii supplementary: thermostat (see part records).

Polyethylene (also known as 'Polythene') is the world's most abundant plastic. It was discovered in 1933 at Imperial Chemical Industries's plant in Winnington, UK. The experimentation that led to the discovery involved experiments where materials were submitted to high pressures (up to 2000 atmospheres), with the hope of producing new and potentially useful results. On Friday, 24 March 1933, a team led by Reginald Gibson set up an experiment in which a mixture of ethylene and benzaldehyde was heated to 170C, the pressure was raised to 1700 atmospheres and the apparatus left in the hope that the two substances would combine together. No evidence of the desired reaction was found, but Gibson wrote in his notebook, 'waxy solid found in the reaction tube'. This was found to be a polymer of ethylene, a new plastic that would change the world.

Details

Category:
Industrial Chemistry
Object Number:
1983-408
Measurements:
overall: 700 mm x 500 mm x 1220 mm,
type:
equipment, laboratories and polyethylene
credit:
ICI Plc. New Science Group

Parts

Reaction Vessel Assembly for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Reaction Vessel Assembly for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Reaction vessel assembly consisting of calorimeter: hot water jacket and reaction cylinder, by Reginald Oswald Gibson and Eric Fawcett, England, 1933. Calorimeter has been sectioned for display.

More

Polyethylene (also known as 'Polythene') is the world's most abundant plastic. It was discovered in 1933 at Imperial Chemical Industries's plant in Winnington, UK. The experimentation that led to the discovery involved experiments where materials were submitted to high pressures (up to 2000 atmospheres), with the hope of producing new and potentially useful results. On Friday, 24 March 1933, a team led by Reginald Gibson set up an experiment in which a mixture of ethylene and benzaldehyde was heated to 170C, the pressure was raised to 1700 atmospheres and the apparatus left in the hope that the two substances would combine together. No evidence of the desired reaction was found, but Gibson wrote in his notebook, 'waxy solid found in the reaction tube'. This was found to be a polymer of ethylene, a new plastic that would change the world.

Measurements:
overall: 610 mm x 530 mm x 360 mm, 59.5kg
Materials:
steel (metal) , copper (metal) , plywood , plastic (unidentified) and cotton (textile)
Object Number:
1983-408 Pt1
type:
calorimeter
Image ©
The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum
Laboratory Scale Polyethylene Apparatus.

Laboratory Scale Polyethylene Apparatus.

Laboratory scale polythene apparatus, consisting of control valve, and gauge by Budenberg Gauge Company Limited, Manchester, England, and quadruple regulator assembly on steel tripod and gas cylinder, and gauge, all components connected by steel supply pipes, unsigned, British, 1933 (see note)

More

Polyethylene (also known as 'Polythene') is the world's most abundant plastic. It was discovered in 1933 at Imperial Chemical Industries's plant in Winnington, UK. The experimentation that led to the discovery involved experiments where materials were submitted to high pressures (up to 2000 atmospheres), with the hope of producing new and potentially useful results. On Friday, 24 March 1933, a team led by Reginald Gibson set up an experiment in which a mixture of ethylene and benzaldehyde was heated to 170C, the pressure was raised to 1700 atmospheres and the apparatus left in the hope that the two substances would combine together. No evidence of the desired reaction was found, but Gibson wrote in his notebook, 'waxy solid found in the reaction tube'. This was found to be a polymer of ethylene, a new plastic that would change the world.

Measurements:
overall (as displayed): 1180 mm x 1650 mm x 840 mm, 167kg
gas cylinder: 37kg
control valve and gauge: 65kg
regulator assembly on tripod/ steel supply pipes: 65kg
Materials:
steel (metal) , brass (copper, zinc alloy) , rubber (unidentified) , glass and metal (unknown)
Object Number:
1983-408 Pt2
type:
part
Image ©
The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum
Pressure Gauge for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Pressure Gauge for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Pressure gauge for assembly of equipment, partly original, representing laboratory set-up with which polythene was discovered (see note)

More

Polyethylene (also known as 'Polythene') is the world's most abundant plastic. It was discovered in 1933 at Imperial Chemical Industries's plant in Winnington, UK. The experimentation that led to the discovery involved experiments where materials were submitted to high pressures (up to 2000 atmospheres), with the hope of producing new and potentially useful results. On Friday, 24 March 1933, a team led by Reginald Gibson set up an experiment in which a mixture of ethylene and benzaldehyde was heated to 170C, the pressure was raised to 1700 atmospheres and the apparatus left in the hope that the two substances would combine together. No evidence of the desired reaction was found, but Gibson wrote in his notebook, 'waxy solid found in the reaction tube'. This was found to be a polymer of ethylene, a new plastic that would change the world.

Measurements:
overall: 250 mm x 150 mm x 60 mm,
Object Number:
1983-408 Pt3
type:
pressure gauge
Image ©
The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum
Pressure Gauge for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Pressure Gauge for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Pressure gauge for assembly of equipment, partly original, representing laboratory set-up with which polythene was discovered.

More

Polyethylene (also known as 'Polythene') is the world's most abundant plastic. It was discovered in 1933 at Imperial Chemical Industries's plant in Winnington, UK. The experimentation that led to the discovery involved experiments where materials were submitted to high pressures (up to 2000 atmospheres), with the hope of producing new and potentially useful results. On Friday, 24 March 1933, a team led by Reginald Gibson set up an experiment in which a mixture of ethylene and benzaldehyde was heated to 170C, the pressure was raised to 1700 atmospheres and the apparatus left in the hope that the two substances would combine together. No evidence of the desired reaction was found, but Gibson wrote in his notebook, 'waxy solid found in the reaction tube'. This was found to be a polymer of ethylene, a new plastic that would change the world.

Object Number:
1983-408 Pt4
type:
equipment , laboratories and polyethylene
Steel Supply Pipes for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Steel Supply Pipes for Polyethylene Apparatus.

Steel supply pipes for assembly of equipment, partly original, representing laboratory set-up with which polythene was discovered.

More

Polyethylene (also known as 'Polythene') is the world's most abundant plastic. It was discovered in 1933 at Imperial Chemical Industries's plant in Winnington, UK. The experimentation that led to the discovery involved experiments where materials were submitted to high pressures (up to 2000 atmospheres), with the hope of producing new and potentially useful results. On Friday, 24 March 1933, a team led by Reginald Gibson set up an experiment in which a mixture of ethylene and benzaldehyde was heated to 170C, the pressure was raised to 1700 atmospheres and the apparatus left in the hope that the two substances would combine together. No evidence of the desired reaction was found, but Gibson wrote in his notebook, 'waxy solid found in the reaction tube'. This was found to be a polymer of ethylene, a new plastic that would change the world.

Object Number:
1983-408 Pt5
type:
equipment , laboratories and polyethylene